For believers before Christ's incarnation, they "enjoy a blessed rest, until redemption be finished" (The day of resurrection). - Calvin's commentary on John 14:2.
To stand on this point, Calvin commentated Luke 23:43 We ought not to enter into curious and subtle arguments about the place of paradise, as long as believers trust that they are the partakers of that life. For now, just imagine a blessed and joyful rest.
There is a case to ponder from this: That perhaps the keyword for the solution is "beyond time".